besides

Etymology

From Middle English bisides (also bisiden), extension of biside, equivalent to beside + -s (adverbial suffix).

prep

1. In addition to.
   During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […] 1661, John Fell, “The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond”, quoted in Ecclesiastical Biography by Christopher Wordsworth, fourth edition, volume IV, London: Francis & John Rivington (1853)
2. Other than; except for; instead of.
   I don't want to go anywhere besides India.
3. (now informal) Beside, next to.
   1561, Geneva Bible, Acts 16:13, And on the Sabbath day, we went out of the citie, beſides a riuer, where they were wont to pray : and we ſate downe, and ſpake vnto the women, which were come together.

adv

1. (conjunctive) Also; in addition.
   It is besides used as a food, either as a sallad, raw, or boiled as greens. 1776, Thomas Pennant, A Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides, 1772
   In the end, Chelsea's organisation and discipline was rewarded but Di Matteo knows they will have to produce the same - and more besides - in the Nou Camp to confirm a meeting with either Real Madrid or Bayern Munich in the final in Munich next month. 18 April 2012, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 1-0 Barcelona”, in BBC Sport
2. (conjunctive) Used to emphasize an additional point, especially an important or stronger reason; moreover; furthermore.
   I don't feel like going out tonight. Besides, I have to work tomorrow morning anyway.
3. Otherwise; else.
   I have been to Spain but nowhere besides.
4. (obsolete) On one side.
   Yet Teucer would another shaft, at Hectors life dispose; So faine, he such a marke would hit: but still besides it goes; c. 1611, George Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer, London: Nathaniell Butter, Book 8, p. 111