betoken

Etymology

From Middle English bitoknen, bitacnen, from Old English betācnian (“to betoken, signify, designate”). Equivalent to be- + token. Cognate with Dutch betekenen (“to mean, signify”), German bezeichnen (“to call, designate”), Swedish beteckna (“to represent, designate, indicate”).

verb

1. (transitive) To signify by some visible object; show by signs or tokens.
   There be other 2 signes in often use of which the first is made thus + and betokeneth more : the other is thus made – and betokeneth lesse. 1557: Robert Recorde, The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike : containyng the xtraction of Rootes : The Cossike practise, with the rule of Equation : and the workes of Surde Nombers.^ʀ, page unknown (Ihon Kyngstone)
   During the fight, we ran forward a few paces, but a heavy, rushing flight betokened an easy victory, and the stranger flew away. 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 87
   The new propaganda for the route, modest though it is in content and extent so far, does seem to betoken a BR effort to improve its carryings and save the service from extinction. 1964 July, “News and Comment: The Broad Street-Richmond line”, in Modern Railways, page 17
2. (transitive) To foreshow by present signs; indicate something future by that which is seen or known.
   “ Ah ! hospitable land, thou (nevertheless) betokenest war,” i. e., although hospitable, thou nevertheless betokenest war. — Bello. 1853: Virgil, Charles Anthon, LL.D. [tr.], Æneïd of Virgil: With English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, a Metrical Clavis: And an Historical, Geographical, and Mythological Index, page 474 (Harper & Brothers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, New York)
   Since the Report was published there has been a rather unnatural absence of follow-up propaganda for the Liner trains, which seems to betoken a disinclination to embark on the heavy expenditure involved until a long-term patronage of the projected services has been assured. 1963 July, “News and Comment: Second thoughts on Liner trains?”, in Modern Railways, page 5