divan

Etymology

Borrowed from French, from Ottoman Turkish دیوان (divan), from Iranian Persian دیوان (divân), from Classical Persian دیوان (dēwān), from Middle Persian d(p)ywʾn' (dēwān, “archive, collected writings”), from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub). Compare mattress, from Arabic (both of Middle Eastern origin, due to the local custom of lying on padding on floor being foreign to Europeans). Doublet of dewan, douane, and diwaniya.

noun

1. (now historical) A Muslim council of state, specifically that of viziers of the Ottoman Empire that discussed and recommended new laws and law changes to a higher authority (the sultan).
2. The council chamber where this court is held; (by extension), any court of justice.
3. (now rare) Any council or assembly.
   As I passed, I called at the mad-house; where I found Mac Fane and the scowling keeper in high divan. 1792, Thomas Holcroft, Anna St. Ives, vol. VII, letter 118
4. A couch- or sofa-like piece of furniture made of a mattress lying against the wall and either on the floor or an elevated structure.
   Eurydice pointed to the cupboard, and sat down on the low divan with folded hands, and looked at the floor. 1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 20, in Friday's Business
5. (dated) An establishment that serves cigars and coffee, and may offer other amenities such as books, newspapers, and chess.
   These are delightful places, and must be preferred to the cigar shops, if you can afford the extra for coffee, &c. Never sit in a divan, for as these establishments are in imitation of foreign customs, so you should imitate the manners of foreigners, and be as unlike an Englishman as you can; you should therefore lie at full-length on the couches, or "loll" about in some graceful attitude. Should your time be entirely your own, you may remain in the divan the whole day, provided you play at chess; and should you be passionately fond of smoking, you can have smoke at breakfast—smoke at luncheon—smoke at dinner—smoke at tea—smoke at supper 1838, Παιδἀγωγος, “Cigar divan”, in More Hints on Etiquette, 3rd edition, London: Charles Tilt, →OCLC, page 39
   The cigar divans of the metropolis are essentially coffee-rooms, but they are of a distingué character, are more expensive in their charges, and more studied, elegant, and luxurious in their appointments and conveniences. […] They are elegantly furnished and appointed, with sofas, or cushioned chairs, numerous handsome tables, and chess and draft-boards. The whole of the London newspapers, and many of the provincial ones, are taken in; as are all the magazines and other periodicals; together with sundry of the French, Italian, and colonial journals. The freedom of the room is obtained by the liquidation of less than a shilling, which includes coffee of the best description, and cigars. 1844, E. H. Malcolm, “London coffee-houses and their customers”, in Tegg's Magazine of Knowledge and Amusement, volume 1, →OCLC, page 67
6. A collection of poems, especially one written by an author in Arabic or Persian.