gout

Etymology 1

From Middle English goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte, gutta, and gutter. The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".

noun

1. (uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.
   Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global. 2020-11-13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
2. (usually followed by of) A spurt or splotch.
   [S]mall chunks of rubble and gouts of soot had fallen from the chimney, and were ground into the rug under his unwary feet. 1981, P. D. James, chapter 20, in Children of Men, page 137
   Another blow sent gouts of blood flying, along with gobbets of flesh. 2002, Mercedes Lackey, Eric Flint, Dave Freer, The Shadow of the Lion
3. (rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.

verb

1. (intransitive) To spurt.
   Dark blood gouts from the creature's brisket. 2001, Stephen King, Peter Straub, Black House

Etymology 2

French goût

noun

1. (obsolete) taste; relish
   A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout: or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup […] 1870, The Cook and Housewife's Manual, 5th edition