hood

Etymology 1

From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (cognate with Saterland Frisian Houd, West Frisian/Dutch hoed, German Low German Hood, German Hut). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /⁠xaudā⁠/)), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”). More at hat.

noun

1. A covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak.
2. A distinctively coloured fold of material, representing a university degree.
3. An enclosure that protects something, especially from above.
4. Particular parts of conveyances
   1. (automotive, chiefly UK) A soft top of a convertible car or carriage.
   2. (automotive, chiefly US, Canada) The hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle, known as a bonnet in other countries.
   3. (by extension, especially in the phrase "under the hood") A cover over the engine, driving machinery or inner workings of something.
      Like many captains, I was just as glad to leave engineering to the engineers. Looking under the ship's hood wasn't what interested me. 2004, D. Michael Abrashoff, Get Your Ship Together: How Great Leaders Inspire Ownership From The Keel Up, Penguin
      I never see the pilot percolating coffee or the attendant with a screwdriver under the airplane's hood. Why? Because we all have something we are good at, and we are expected to do that one thing well. 2015, Max Lucado, Let the Journey Begin: Finding God's Best for Your Life, Thomas Nelson, page 71
   4. A metal covering that leads to a vent to suck away smoke or fumes.
   5. (nautical) One of the endmost planks (or, one of the ends of the planks) in a ship’s bottom at bow or stern, that fits into the rabbet. (These, when fit into the rabbet, resemble a hood (covering).)
      Care must also be taken to place the tenons on the main post so that a stop-water can be driven between it and the fore tenon and the rabbet of the hoods at the keel. The post being dressed to its proper dimensions, the tenons cut, and their ... 1830, A Treatise on Marine Architecture, page 260
      The fore hoods end at a rabbet cut in the wood stem (see Plate CXVIII.), and the after hoods end at a rabbet prepared in the yellow metal body post. The fore hoods are fastened to the bottom plating as elsewhere; but in the stem they have ... 1874, Samuel James P. Thearle, Naval architecture: a treatise on laying off and building wood, iron, and composite ships. [With] Plates, page 360
      But for deep and narrow vessels you must line your hooden-ends wider to get up faster, and consequently the lower ends of the after-hoods will come round, […] 1940, Lauchlan McKay, Richard Cornelius McKay, The Practical hip-builder, page 62
5. Various body parts
   1. (ophiology) An expansion on the sides of the neck typical for many elapids e.g. the Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) and Indian cobra (Naja naja).
   2. (colloquial) The osseous or cartilaginous marginal extension behind the back of many a dinosaur such as a ceratopsid and reptiles such as Chlamydosaurus kingii.
      Platysma myoides […] which sends attenuated fibres and slips to the gular region of the hood and is lost dorsad in the fascia covering the trapezius but acquires thickness over the sternum and cervix. Thyromandibularis […] Two distinct muscles may bear this name, an externus and an internus. The latter rises by two slips from about the middle of the inner surface of the mandible and is inserted into the middle of the inner side of the thyrohyal. The greatly elongated thyrobyal passes between the two layers of integument constituting the hood, at its middle fold, and so forms a “yard” to which the lower half of the hood is bent. This inner division of the Thyromandibularis being an adductor of the bone, is the chief agent in lowering the hood and bracing its lower moiety to the side of the neck—it is antagonised by the greater part of the outer division which rises fleshy immediately behind the inner one, but nearly on the lower edge of the jaw, the origin of the mylohyoideus being between them. It immediately divides into two superposed fascicles, the deeper one being inserted into the lower surface of the thyrohyal, a little behind the insertion of the inner division—the other sub division is inserted posteriorly to the former one into the outer side of the bone for the rest of its length and acting thus advantageously is an efficient erector of the lower part of the hood. 1883, Charles W. De Vis, “Myology of Chlamydosaurus kingii”, in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, volume 8, pages 301–302
   3. In the human hand, over the extensor digitorum, an expansion of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal joint (the extensor hood syn. dorsal hood syn. lateral hood)

verb

1. To cover something with a hood.

Etymology 2

Clipping of hoodlum.

noun

1. (slang) Gangster, thug.
   Teen-age hoods steal cars in cities, take them into the pines, strip them, ignite them, and leave the scene. 1968, John McPhee, chapter 7, in The Pine Barrens

Etymology 3

Clipping of neighborhood; compare nabe.

adj

1. Relating to inner-city everyday life, both positive and negative aspects; especially people’s attachment to and love for their neighborhoods.

noun

1. (African-American Vernacular, slang) Neighborhood.
   What’s goin’ down in the hood?
   Neighborhoods are now hoods cause nobody's neighbors / Just animals surviving with that animal behavior 1996, “Stakes is High”, in Stakes Is High, performed by De La Soul

Etymology 4

Clipping of hoodie, influenced by existing sense “hoodlum”.

noun

1. (UK) Person wearing a hoodie.