lithe

Etymology 1

From Middle English lithe, from Old English līþe (“gentle, mild”), from Proto-West Germanic *linþ(ī), from Proto-Germanic *linþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lentos. Akin to Saterland Frisian lied (“thin, skinny, gaunt”), Danish, Dutch, and archaic German lind (“mild”). Some sources also list Latin lenis (“soft”) and/or Latin lentus (“supple”) as possible cognates.

adj

1. (obsolete) Mild; calm.
   lithe weather
2. Slim but not skinny.
   lithe body
   The coaches are grim, tan, lithe-looking women, clearly twirlers once, on the far side of their glory now and very serious-looking, each with a clipboard and whistle. 1997, David Foster Wallace, “Getting Away From Already Pretty Much Being Away From It All”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group
3. Capable of being easily bent; flexible.
   the elephant’s lithe trunk.
   … she danced with a kind of passionate fierceness, her lithe body undulating with flexuous grace … 1861, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Elsie Venner, page 125
   Doolittle and myself waited. Colebrook kept on cautiously, squirming his long body in sinuous waves like a lizard's through the grass, and was soon lost to us. No snake could have been lither. 1900, Grant Allen, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter VIII, in Hilda Wade
4. Adaptable.
   Yet the 2016 Éxilé rosé from Lise et Bertrand Jousset in the Loire Valley, made mostly of gamay, was yeasty let light and lithe, while the 2016 Indigeno from Ancarani in Emilia-Romagna, made of trebbiano, was taut and earthy. 2018-03-08, Eric Asimov, “Bubbles, With Joy: Pétillant Naturel’s Triumphant Return”, in The New York Times

Etymology 2

From Middle English lithen, from Old English līþian, līþiġian (“to soften, calm, mitigate, assuage, appease, be mild”), from Proto-Germanic *linþijaną (“to soften”), from Proto-Indo-European *lento- (“bendsome, resilient”). Cognate with German lindern (“to alleviate, ease, relieve”).

verb

1. (intransitive, obsolete) To become calm.
2. (transitive, obsolete) To make soft or mild; soften; alleviate; mitigate; lessen; smooth; palliate.
   England.. hath now suppled, lithed and stretched their throats. a. 1652, Thomas Adams, Physic from Heaven
   Give me also faith, Lord,.. to lithe, to form, and to accommodate my spirit and members. 1642, Daniel Rogers, Naaman the Syrian: His Disease and Cure

Etymology 3

From Middle English lithen, from Old Norse hlýða (“to listen”), from Proto-Germanic *hliuþijaną (“to listen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewe- (“to hear”). Cognate with Danish lytte (“to listen”). Related to Old English hlēoþor (“noise, sound, voice, song, hearing”), Old English hlūd (“loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous”). More at loud.

verb

1. (intransitive, obsolete) To attend; listen, hearken.
2. (transitive) To listen to, hearken to.

Etymology 4

Uncertain; perhaps an alteration of lewth.

noun

1. (Scotland) Shelter.
   So Cospatric got him the Pict folk to build a strong castle there in the lithe of the hills, with the Grampians dark and bleak behind it, and he had the Den drained and he married a Pict lady and got on her bairns and he lived there till he died. 1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song

Etymology 5

From Old English liðan

verb

1. (archaic, dialect, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire) to thicken (gravy, etc.)
   lithe widely used as a verb in nEng Sc and Ir, as a noun only in Cu 1902, Joseph Wright, The English Dialect Dictionary, Oxford University Press, page 624
   to render lithe or thick, to thicken (broth, etc.) 1933, C.T. Onions, editor, The Oxford English Dictionary, Clarendon Press, page 344
   lithe 'to thicken soups, sauces, etc.' 1994, Arnold Kellett, The English Dialect Dictionary, Smith Settle, page 105
   lithe vt to THICKEN gravy V7.7 la:ð Y, laɪð Y Nt L, laɪð La Nt L 1994, Clive Upton, David Parry, J.D.A. Widdowson, Survey of English Dialects: The Dictionary and Grammar, Croom Helm