number

Etymology 1

From Middle English number, nombre, numbre, noumbre, from Anglo-Norman noumbre, Old French nombre, from Latin numerus (“number”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to divide”). Compare Saterland Frisian Nummer, Nuumer, West Frisian nûmer, Dutch nummer (“number”), German Nummer (“number”), Danish nummer (“number”), Swedish nummer (“number”), Icelandic númer (“number”). Replaced Middle English ȝetæl and rime, more at tell, tale and rhyme.

noun

1. (countable) An abstract entity used to describe quantity.
   Zero, one, −1, 2.5, and pi are all numbers.
2. (countable) A numeral: a symbol for a non-negative integer.
   The number 8 is usually made with a single stroke.
3. (countable, mathematics) An element of one of several sets: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, and sometimes extensions such as hypercomplex numbers, etc.
   The equation e+1=0 includes the most important numbers: 1, 0, π, i, and e.
4. (Followed by a numeral; used attributively) Indicating the position of something in a list or sequence. Abbreviations: No or No., no or no. (in each case, sometimes written with a superscript "o", like Nº or №). The symbol "#" is also used in this manner.
   Horse number 5 won the race.
5. Quantity.
   From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much.[…] But viewed from high up in one of the growing number of skyscrapers in Sri Lanka’s capital, it is clear that something extraordinary is happening: China is creating a shipping hub just 200 miles from India’s southern tip. 2013-06-08, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52
   Any number of people can be reading from a given repository at a time.
6. A sequence of digits and letters used to register people, automobiles, and various other items.
   Her passport number is C01X864TN.
7. (countable, informal) A telephone number.
   Rikki, don't lose that number / You don't wanna call nobody else / Send it off in a letter to yourself 1974, “Rikki Don't Lose That Number”, performed by Steely Dan
   … I wonder if you could get hold of him and have him call me here at Interior. I’m in my office, do you have my number? 2001, E. Forrest Hein, The Ruach Project,, Xulon Press, page 86
   When I agreed to go surfing with him he said, “Great, can I have your number?” Well, I don’t give my number to guys I don’t know. 2007, Lindsey Nicole Isham, No Sex in the City: One Virgin's Confessions on Love, Lust, Dating, and Waiting, Kregel Publications, page 111
   Marsha's work number is 555-8986. Audio (US) (file) 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
8. (grammar) Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.
   Adjectives and nouns should agree in gender, number, and case.
9. (now rare, in the plural) Poetic metres; verses, rhymes.
10. (countable) A performance; especially, a single song or song and dance routine within a larger show.
    For his second number, he sang "The Moon Shines Bright".
11. (countable, informal) A person.
    I laughed. "Don't doubt that. She's a saucy little number." 1968, Janet Burroway, The dancer from the dance: a novel,, Little, Brown, page 40
    "Signorina Jessica," says the maid, a saucy little number, "your father has gone to his prayers and demands that you come to the synagogue at once …" 1988, Erica Jong, Serenissima,, Dell, page 214
    He had to focus on the mission, staying alive and getting out, not on the sexy number rubbing up against him. 2005, Denise A. Agnew, Kate Hill, Arianna Hart, By Honor Bound,, Ellora's Cave Publishing, page 207
12. (countable, informal) An item of clothing, particularly a stylish one.
    The trouble was I was wearing my backless glittering number from the night before underneath, so unless I could persuade the office it was National Fancy Dress Day I was doomed to sweat profusely in bottle blue. 2007, Cesca Martin, Agony Angel: So You Think You've Got Problems...,, Troubador Publishing Ltd, page 134
    I doubt the sexy number you wore earlier tonight fell from the sky. 2007, Lorelei James, Running with the Devil, Samhain Publishing, Ltd, page 46
13. (slang, chiefly US) A marijuana cigarette, or joint; also, a quantity of marijuana bought from a dealer.
    These were the two that Tommy had chosen to collect a debt owed to his family by a dude named Heath who ran numbers out of a grocery store on 131st and Lenox. 2005, K'wan, Hoodlum, St. Martin's Press, page 1
    Back at his place again, Doc rolled a number, put on a late movie, found an old T-shirt, and sat tearing it up into short strips […] 2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage, published 2010, page 12
14. (dated) An issue of a periodical publication.
    the latest number of a magazine
15. A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.
    Despite last week's woes, the Braves still sport numbers that would make Christie Brinkley blush. May 10 1980, Al King, “Braves travel to New England with reputation”, in The Indiana Gazette

verb

1. (intransitive) To total or count; to amount to.
   I don’t know how many books are in the library, but they must number in the thousands.
   Do they number in the hundreds, do they number in the thousands? Do they number in the tens of thousand? 1977, United States Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime, Federal Role in Criminal Justice and Crime Research, page 107
2. (transitive, passive) To limit to a certain number; to reckon (as by fate) to be few in number.
   The old man knew that his days were numbered.
   THE DAYS OF ENGLAND NOT “NUMBERED.” REPLY TO SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON. 1867, The Days of England Not “numbered”: Reply to Sir Archibald Alison, page 1
   To conclude this book, we will let Lange’s photo and its three layers guide us. Each layer invites us to explore a different answer to this book's title question—how did our days become numbered? 2018-02-06, Dan Bouk, How Our Days Became Numbered: Risk and the Rise of the Statistical Individual, University of Chicago Press, page 209
3. (transitive, literary or archaic) To count; to determine the quantity of.
   The king ordered that all his subjects be numbered.
   Who can number all the stars and who can count the desert sands?
   From twentie yeare old and above, all that go forth to the warre in Iſrael, thou and Aaron ſhall number them, throughout their armies. 1610, The Bible: That Is, the Holy Scriptures Contained in the Olde and New Testament, Numbers 1:3
4. (transitive) To label (items) with numbers; to assign numbers to (items).
   Number the baskets so that we can find them easily.
   “Public Health Service Numbered Publications – A Catalog, 1950-1962” and contains those numbered publications issued during the period 1963-64. 1964, Education U.S. Department of Health (and Welfare), United States. Public Health Service, Public Health Service Numbered Publications: Supplement
   Most of the remaining records in the War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records were designated "miscellaneous" records, consecutively numbered, and placed in a fourth large series of records that came to be known as […] 1972, United States. National Archives and Records Service, Miscellaneous Numbered Records (the Manuscript File) in the War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, 1775-1790's, page 3
   The remainder of the valley is laid off into cute little squares and streets, with everything named and numbered, ready to be listed in the brokers’ offices. 2022-09-04, Francis Lynde, The City of Numbered Days, DigiCat
5. (transitive, with off) To call out and assign a series of numbers (usually to people), either for the sake of dividing into groups or for counting.
   Shelley numbered off the group into two teams for the baseball game.
   I counted them and numbered them off, and I found about three hundred and seventy or three hundred and seventy-five. 1870, USA House of Representatives, House Documents, page 532
   At my entrance, the Sergeant called them to attention, numbered them off smartly, and presented two Companies for my instruction. 2014-03-03, Flora Johnston, War Classics: The Remarkable Memoir of Scottish Scholar Christina Keith on the Western Front, The History Press
6. (transitive, with off) To enumerate or list, especially while assigning numbers to.
   I numbered them off on my fingers as I stated them. “First, I would redeem a small amount of my investment assets to pay off the cleared lot and come up with a down payment for the ten acres. Second, I would seek to obtain an open[…] 2019-01-11, Mark G. Turner, We Both Shall Row, My Love And I, FriesenPress, page 367
7. (transitive, usually with among) To classify or include (in a group of things)
   Alexander the Great's army numbered an elite cavalry among its ranks.
   We fools counted their life madness, and their end to be without honour: how are they numbered among the children of God, and their lot is among the Saints! 1839, Saint Cyprian (Bishop of Carthage.), The Treatises of S. Caecilius Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, and Martyr, page 298
   They number among them men of intelligence and education, fitted in almost every respect to share in the responsibilities of government as well as receive a part of its benefits. 1879, United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Report, page 76
   We certainly endorse the essential purpose of S. 708 — namely, that an applicant should not obtain a grant simply because it numbers among its stockholders a Member of Congress […] 1963, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Hearings, page 69
   Unite them to Your Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church, and number them with Your chosen flock. That with us they may glorify Your all-honorable and majestic name: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever and ever. 2019-08-06, Fr. Joseph Irvin, The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom: Orthodox Service Books - Number 1, Lulu Press, Inc
8. (intransitive, usually with among) To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).
   Her horses number among the fastest in her country.
   They number among our best people, particularly when we realise that they are models for what the rest of us might also achieve. 2010-09-03, Catherine Tizard, Cat Among the Pigeons: A Memoir, Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited
   If they number among those who abuse their wives, they, just like abusing leaders, should stop. 2020-10-01, Elizabeth Koepping, Spousal Violence Among World Christians: Silent Scandal, Bloomsbury Publishing

Etymology 2

table From numb + -er.

adj

1. comparative form of numb: more numb