pile

Etymology 1

From Middle English pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

noun

1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap.
   I climbed through, and, standing on a pile of stones, lifted and dragged Cleopatra after me. 1889, H. Rider Haggard, Cleopatra/Book_II/Chapter_XI), Book II: The Fall of Harmachis, Chapter XI
2. (informal) A group or list of related items up for consideration, especially in some kind of selection process.
   When we were looking for a new housemate, we put the nice woman on the "maybe" pile, and the annoying guy on the "no" pile
3. A mass formed in layers.
   a pile of shot
4. A funeral pile; a pyre.
5. (slang) A large amount of money.
   He made a pile from that invention of his.
   When they are at work they live most frugally, denying themselves every comfort and luxury till they have made a "pile." 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 192
6. A large building, or mass of buildings.
   It was dark when the four-wheeled cab wherein he had brought Avice from the station stood at the entrance to the pile of flats of which Pierston occupied one floor[…] 1892, Thomas Hardy, The Well-Beloved
   He [Winston Churchill] was born at Blenheim Palace, that Oxfordshire pile built for his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, who also knew a thing or two about warfare. September 22 2021, Stephen Roberts, “The writings on the wall...”, in RAIL, number 940, page 75
7. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a fagot.
8. A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals (especially copper and zinc), laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; a voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.
   The word "pile" is used specifically to mean the column of superposed electrodes, such as that of Volta or Zamboni. 1893, Benjamin Park, The Voltaic Cell: Its Construction and Its Capacity, page 14
9. (architecture, civil engineering) A beam, pole, or pillar, driven completely into the ground.
10. An atomic pile; an early form of nuclear reactor.
11. (obsolete) The reverse (or tails) of a coin.
12. A list or league
    Watch Harlequins train and you get some idea of why they are back on top of the pile going into Saturday's rerun of last season's grand final against Leicester. 20 September 2012, Shaun Edwards, “Bent double and lungs burning – how Harlequins train for trophies”, in The Guardian (online)
    And the moment it thumped into the net, Celtic’s march back to the top of the SPL pile also seemed unstoppable. December 29, 2011, Keith Jackson, “SPL: Celtic 1 Rangers 0”, in Daily Record

verb

1. (transitive, often used with the preposition "up") To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate
   They were piling up wood on the wheelbarrow.
2. (transitive) To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load.
   We piled the camel with our loads.
   Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. 2013-06-22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70
3. (transitive) To add something to a great number.
   But as the second half wore on, Sunderland piled forward at every opportunity and their relentless pressure looked certain to be rewarded in the closing stages. December 28, 2010, Owen Phillips, “Sunderland 0-2 Blackpool”, in BBC
4. (transitive) (of vehicles) To create a hold-up.
5. (transitive, military) To place (guns, muskets, etc.) together in threes so that they can stand upright, supporting each other.

Etymology 2

From Old English pīl, from Latin pīlum (“heavy javelin”). Cognate with Dutch pijl, German Pfeil. Doublet of pilum.

noun

1. (obsolete) A dart; an arrow.
2. The head of an arrow or spear.
3. A large stake, or piece of pointed timber, steel etc., driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.
   All this time I worked very hard … and it is scarce credible what inexpressible labour everything was done with, especially the bringing piles out of the woods and driving them into the ground; for I made them much bigger than I needed to have done. 1719, Daniel Defoe, The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, 10th edition, published 1864, Chapter VI, page 68
4. (heraldry) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.

verb

1. (transitive) To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles.

Etymology 3

Apparently from Late Latin pilus.

noun

1. (usually in the plural) A hemorrhoid.

Etymology 4

From Middle English pile, partly from Anglo-Norman pil (a variant of peil, poil (“hair”)) and partly from its source, Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pilus.

noun

1. Hair, especially when very fine or short; the fine underfur of certain animals. (Formerly countable, now treated as a collective singular.)
2. The raised hairs, loops or strands of a fabric; the nap of a cloth.
   Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. 1785, William Cowper, The Task

verb

1. (transitive) To give a pile to; to make shaggy.