reign

Etymology

From Middle English regnen, from Old French reignier, from the Latin verb rēgnō, and the noun rēgnum. Doublet of regnum. Displaced native Old English rīċe (“a reign”) and ricsian (“to reign”).

noun

1. The exercise of sovereign power.
   England prospered under Elizabeth I's reign.
   Throughout history, no single dictator has successfully upheld their reign forever, no matter how powerful they seemed to be. December 6, 2020, Xin Yan, “The Seemingly Impossible Is Possible”, in Minghui
2. The period during which a monarch rules.
   The reign of Victoria was a long one.
3. The territory or sphere over which a kingdom; empire; realm; dominion, etc. is ruled.

verb

1. (intransitive) To exercise sovereign power, to rule as a monarch.
   He reigned in an autocratic manner.
2. (transitive, rare, nonstandard) To reign over (a country)
   The House of Piast reigned Poland from its foundation to 1385. 2007, Anna Chilewska, Writing after the gaze: the rupture of the historical
3. To be the winner of the most recent iteration of a competition.
4. To be a dominant quality of a place or situation; to prevail, predominate, rule.
   Silence reigned.
   Silence reigned, broken only by the hideous screeching of vultures and the sound of a lawn-mower being used in the hospital grounds. 1936, F.J. Thwaites, The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards Publishing, published 1940, page 58
   Unfortunately – and ironically – the word ‘system’ itself is used in such a wide variety of contexts within animal science, as indeed it is in virtually every domain of human activity, that confusion reigns about what a systems-oriented research programme actually looks like and what systems-oriented animal scientists actually do. 2007, Richard Bawden, “Redesigning Animal Agriculture: a Systemic Perspective”, in David L. Swain, Ed Charmley, John Steel, Shaun Coffey, editors, Redesigning Animal Agriculture: The Challenge of the 21st Century, CABI, page 1