sol

Etymology 1

From Middle English sol (“fifth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo’s hexachordal scales”), the first syllable of Latin solve (“to remove; to get rid of”), the first word of the fifth line, third verse (“Solve polluti, labii reatum”, that is, “Clean the guilt from our stained lips”) of the famed medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

noun

1. (music)
   1. In a movable-do or tonic sol-fa system: the fifth step in a scale, preceded by fa and followed by la.
   2. In a fixed-do system: the musical note G.

Etymology 2

From Old French sol (“French coin”) (modern French sou), from Latin solidum, the accusative singular of solidus (“Roman gold coin; (adjective) solid”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole”). Doublet of sold, soldo, solidum, and sou.

noun

1. (historical) An old coin from France and some other countries worth 12 deniers.

Etymology 3

PIE word *sóh₂wl̥ From Spanish sol (“sun”), from Latin sōl (“sun”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Doublet of Sol and sol, directly from the Latin.

noun

1. (historical) A former Spanish-American silver coin.
   The Tobacco of this colony is ſo excellent, that if the commerce thereof was free, it would ſell for one hundred ſols and ſix livres the pound, ſo fine and delicate is its juice and flavour. 1763, [Antoine-Simon] Le Page du Pratz, “Of the Commerce that Is, and May Be, Carried Out in Louisiana.[…]”, in [anonymous], transl., The History of Louisiana, or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina:[…], volume I, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt[…], →OCLC, page 336
2. In full nuevo sol or new sol: the main currency unit of Peru which replaced the inti in 1991; also, a coin of this value.

Etymology 4

From Latin sōl (“sun”); see further at etymology 3. Doublet of sol from Spanish.

noun

1. (astronomy) A solar day on the planet Mars (equivalent to 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds).
   I need to create calories. And I need enough to last the 1387 sols until Ares 4 arrives. If I don't get rescued by Ares 4, I'm dead anyway. A sol is 39 minutes longer than a day, so it works out to be 1425 days. That's my target: 1425 days of food. 2011, Andy Weir, chapter 3, in The Martian, New York, N.Y.: Broadway Books, published 2014, page 18
   88,775 seconds = 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds / The duration of a synodic day on Mars, a ‘sol’ 2014, Gerard ’t Hooft, Stefan Vandoren, “10⁵ Seconds = 100,000 Seconds = 1.16 days = 27.78 Hours”, in Saskia A. Eisberg-’t Hooft, transl., Time in Powers of Ten: Natural Phenomena and Their Timescales, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., part I, page 25

Etymology 5

Sense 1 (“type of colloid”) is derived from -sol (in words like alcosol and hydrosol), an abbreviation of solution. Sense 2 (“solution to an objection”) is derived directly from solution.

noun

1. (physical chemistry) A type of colloid in which a solid is dispersed in a liquid.
2. (obsolete) A solution to an objection (or "ob"), for example, in controversial divinity.