synecdoche

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin synecdochē, from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐκ (ek, “out of”) + δέχεσθαι (dékhesthai, “to accept”), this last element related to δοκέω (dokéō, “to think, suppose, seem”).

noun

1. (rhetoric) A figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part.
   "Holocaust" can become a tired synecdoche for war crimes in general. 2002 Sep, Christopher Hitchens, “Martin Amis: Lightness at Midnight”, in The Atlantic
   Perhaps being in a touring band was, to Yorke, a synecdoche for the modern condition: disorientation, alienation, rootlessness, exhaustion, lack of control, occasional derangement, constant motion. 2017-05-17, Dorian Lynskey, “The 20-year-old black mirror that reflects the world today”, in BBC.com Culture
2. (rhetoric) The use of this figure of speech.