tempest

Etymology

From Old French tempeste (French tempête), from Latin tempestas (“storm”), from tempus (“time, weather”).

noun

1. A storm, especially one with severe winds.
   For a Tempeſt. Take Eurus, Zephyr, Auſter and Boreas, and caſt them together in one Verſe. Add to theſe of Rain, Lightning, and of Thunder (the loudeſt you can) quantum ſufficit. Mix your Clouds and Billows well together till they foam, and thicken your Deſcription here and there with a Quickſand. Brew your Tempeſt well in your Head, before you ſet it a blowing. 10 June 1714, [Alexander Pope], The Guardian, volume I, number 78, London: Printed for J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, page 332
   BEAT on, proud billows; Boreas blow; / Swell, curled waves, high as Jove's roof; / Your incivility doth ſhow, / That innocence is tempeſt proof; / Though ſurly Nereus frown, my thoughts are calm; / Then ſtrike, Affliction, for thy wounds are balm. [Attributed to Roger L'Estrange (1616–1704).] 1781, [Mostyn John Armstrong], History and Antiquities of the County of Norfolk. Volume IX. Containing the Hundreds of Smithdon, Taverham, Tunstead, Walsham, and Wayland, volume IX, Norwich: Printed by J. Crouse, for M. Booth, bookseller, →OCLC, page 51
   As every sailor knows, a spicy gale in the tropic latitudes of the Pacific is far different from a tempest in the howling North Atlantic. 1847, Herman Melville, chapter 16, in Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas
   The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom.[…]Roaring, leaping, pouncing, the tempest raged about the wanderers, drowning and blotting out their forms with sandy spume. 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid
2. Any violent tumult or commotion.
   They awaited the word "forward"—awaited, too, with beating hearts and set teeth the gusts of lead and iron that were to smite them at their first movement in obedience to that word. The word was not given; the tempest did not break out. 1914, Ambrose Bierce, One Officer, One Man
3. (obsolete) A fashionable social gathering; a drum.

verb

1. (intransitive, rare) To storm.
2. (transitive, chiefly poetic) To disturb, as by a tempest.
   Oh! dark lowered the clouds on that horrible eve, And the moon dimly gleamed through the tempested air. 1811, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Drowned Lover,”, in Poems from St. Irvyne