and

Etymology 1

From Middle English and, an, from Old English and, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian en (“and”), West Frisian en, in (“and”), Low German un (“and”), Dutch en (“and”), German und (“and”), Danish end (“but”), Swedish än (“yet, but”), Icelandic enn (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), and Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”).

conj

1. As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
   1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.
      Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […] c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11
      ‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely carrying out such abusive and unlawful inspections.’ 5 November 2011, Mark Townsend, The Guardian
   2. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences.
      When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room. 1991, Jung Chang, Wild Swans
      "Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside. 5 November 2011, Helena Smith, Tom Kington, The Guardian
   3. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first.
      ‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’ 1996, David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor
      One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought. 22 August 2004, Will Buckley, The Observer
      2007: Jimmy Carr, 8 out of 10 Cats, 13th day of July episode Romance is dead; men killed it, and made women clean up the mess.
   4. (obsolete) Yet; but.
   5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes.
      The One Hundred and One Dalmatians. 1956, Dodie Smith, (title)
   6. (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
      Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my! 1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay)
   7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition.
      He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’ 18 March 2011, Jonathan Watts, The Guardian
   8. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause.
      The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied. 1918, George W. E. Russell, Prime Ministers and Some Others
      President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy. 29 Jan 2008, The Guardian
   9. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
      ‘And, Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair[…].’ 1914, Saki, ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts
   10. (now regional or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try.
       Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin. 1989, James Kelman, A Disaffection
   11. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other".
       Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes. 1936, The Labour Monthly, volume XVIII
       "There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career." 1972, Esquire, volume LXXVIII
   12. Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb).
       ‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed[…].’ 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson
       ‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?’ 1871, Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There
2. (heading) Expressing a condition.
   1. (now US dialect) If; provided that.
      "Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you." 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VII
      "And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better." 1958, Shirley Ann Grau, The Hard Blue Sky
   2. (obsolete) As if, as though.
3. (mathematics, logic) connecting two well-formed formulas to create a well formed formula that requires the new formula to only be true when each of the two are true.

noun

1. (music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.
   The same goes for measure 42, when you begin the phrase on the and of 1, because that kind of lick can easily bog down the time. 2006, Gordon Goodwin, Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Trumpet, page 51

Etymology 2

From Middle English ande, from Old English anda (“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norse andi (“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”). Cognate with German Ahnd, And (“woe, grief”), Danish ånde (“breath”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Albanian ëndë (“pleasure, delight”), Latin animus (“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.

noun

1. (UK dialectal) Breath.
2. (UK dialectal) Sea smoke; steam fog.

Etymology 3

From Middle English anden, from Old English andian (“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norse anda (“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadōną (“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with German ahnden (“to avenge, punish”), Danish ånde (“to breathe”), Swedish andas (“to breathe”), Icelandic anda (“to breathe”). See above.

verb

1. (UK dialectal, intransitive) To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.