arithmetic

Etymology

From Middle English arsmetike, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithmētica, arithmeticus, from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”). Used in English since 13th century.

noun

1. The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
   Note that all correctly rounding arithmetics satisfy property A1, as do those with properly truncating addition. All faithful binary arithmetics and all arithmetics with either properly truncating or correctly chopping addition satisfy property A2. 1992, Douglas M. Priest, On Properties of Floating Point Arithmetics, University of California, Berkeley, page 17
   [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying. 2013-07-20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845

adj

1. (mathematics) Of, relating to, or using arithmetic; arithmetical.
   arithmetic geometry
   Moreover, the latest work of Katz, involving the so-called 'Larsen alternative', provides new criteria, of a very arithmetic nature, to (almost) determine the rational monodromy group 2008, Emmanuel Kowalski, The large sieve and its applications: arithmetic geometry, random ..., page 189
2. (arithmetic) Of a progression, mean, etc, computed solely using addition.
   arithmetic progression