exhaust

Etymology

From Latin exhaustus, past participle of exhaurīre (“to draw out, drink up, empty, exhaust”), from ex (“out”) + haurīre (“to draw (especially water), drain”).

verb

1. (transitive) To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely.
   The water was exhausted out of the well.
   Moisture of the earth is exhausted by evaporation.
2. (transitive) To empty by drawing or letting out the contents
   to exhaust a well
   to exhaust a treasury
   It takes approximately 8 to 9 minutes to exhaust the tank of air and fill it with water. 1922, Municipal Engineering and the Sanitary Record, page 68
3. (transitive, literally, figurative) To use up; to deplete, drain or expend wholly, or until the supply comes to an end
   My grandfather seemingly never exhausts his supply of bad jokes.
   to exhaust one's resources
   to exhaust all possibilities
   You're exhausting my patience.
   I exhausted my strength walking up the hill.
4. (transitive) To tire out; to wear out; to cause to be without any energy.
   The marathon exhausted me.
   It is a branch that climbs for 11½ miles into the picturesque Wealden hills until, apparently exhausted by the effort, it terminates a mile short of the village of Hawkhurst. 1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 170
5. (transitive) To discuss thoroughly or completely.
   That subject has already been fully exhausted.
6. (transitive, chemistry) To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove all soluble substances or extractives.
   to exhaust a drug successively with water, alcohol, and ether
7. To expel (as exhaust).
   Infections can be reduced further if outside air is exhausted after a single use, rather than re-circulated. 2013-11-18, Michael Phiri, Bing Chen, Sustainability and Evidence-Based Design in the Healthcare Estate, Springer Science & Business Media, page 141
   They [the doors between two clean rooms] get connected, and then high-pressure air blasts out anything in between: all the outside atmosphere is exhausted by fresh, clean air. 2023-05-08, Tom Scott, The world's cleanest railway
8. (intransitive) To discharge or escape (as exhaust).
   Steam from both high pressure cylinders exhausts through the respective receiver pipes into cylinders. 1910, Walter Mason Camp, The Railway and Engineering Review, page 609
   Figure 7.13e shows a 4/2 valve that normally has the pressure applied to output 4 while output 3 exhausts through the exhaust port. When activated, the pressure switches to output 3 while output 4 exhausts through the exhaust port. 2022-07-13, Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, Taylor & Francis, page 16

noun

1. A system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharged; see also exhaust system.
2. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.
   A lovely crisp exhaust: a feeling of almost unlimited power combined with complete freedom of running: and, to crown it all, a most melodious and wholly American chime whistle—these were my immediate impressions as we stormed rapidly out of Göttingen, intent on winning back some of the lost time. 1960 October, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, page 611
   Travellers over the London & North Western main line in bygone days will need no reminder of the pattering of cinders on the carriage roofs, the fountains of sparks from the chimneys at night and the distance from which the exhaust of approaching locomotives could be heard, due to the fierceness of their blast in such conditions. 1962 June, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Modern Railways, page 399
3. The dirty air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided for the purpose.
   If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the[…]hazards of gasoline cars: air and water pollution, noise and noxiousness, constant coughing and the undeniable rise in cancers caused by smoke exhaust particulates. 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion
4. An exhaust pipe, especially on a motor vehicle.
5. Exhaust gas.

adj

1. (obsolete) Exhausted; used up.