porcelain

Etymology

From Middle French porcelaine (“cowrie, wampum; china, chinaware”), from Old Italian porcellana (“cowrie; china, chinaware”), from porcella (“mussel or cockle shell used to hold pigments while painting”) from porco (“pig”) with -ella (suffix forming diminutives).

noun

1. (usually uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.
   Tableware and toilets are both made of porcelain.
   Any power rail needs to be well insulated from earth, to minimise current leakage, and so the two power rails on the Underground sit on curiously genteel and antique-looking porcelain pots. 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, page 136
2. (usually uncountable) Synonym of china: porcelain tableware.
   iij. potts of Erthe payntid, callyd Porseland. c. 1530, letter in Original Letters Illustrative of English History, Vol. II, p. 242
   He set the table with our porcelain and stemware.
3. (uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of kaolin: the kind of clay traditionally used in China to manufacture porcelain.
   … that earthen or pliable matter commonly called porcellan, which is pure white,... wherof vessels of all kinds are very curiously framed... 1599, E. de Sande, translated by Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, 2nd edition, volume II, page 91
4. (countable, now usually in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.
   The museum has an extensive collection of rare Chinese porcelains.
5. (countable, rare) Synonym of cowrie.
   In the kingdomes of Caiacan and Carazan, certaine sea shels are currant, which some men terme Porcelline. 1601, Giovanni Botero, translated by Robert Johnson, The Trauellers Breuiat, or, An Historicall Description of the Most Famous Kingdomes in the World, page 104
6. (countable, obsolete or historical) Synonym of wampum: strings of shells, beads, etc. used as ornamentation or currency; the composite shells, beads, etc.
   We mett severall gangs of men to our greatest disadvantage, ffor we weare forced to sing, and those that came to see us gave porcelaine to those that most did us injury. c. 1665, Pierre Esprit de Radisson, Voyages, 1885 edition, page 49
7. (countable, often capitalized) A kind of pigeon with deep brown and off-white feathers.
   Those pretty spangled Toys … known by various names, as Porcelains, Hyacinths, Ermines, &c. 1855, The Poultry Chronicle, number 3, page 9