that

Etymology

From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate to Saterland Frisian dät, West Frisian dat, Dutch dat, Low German dat, German dass and das, Danish det, Swedish det, Icelandic það, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata).

conj

1. Introducing a clause which is the subject or object of a verb (such as one involving reported speech), or which is a complement to a previous statement.
   He told me that the book is a good read.
   I believe that it is true. — She is convinced that he is British.
   That she will come is almost certain.
2. Introducing a subordinate clause expressing a reason or cause: because, in that.
   Be glad that you have enough to eat.
3. (dated) Introducing a subordinate clause that expresses an aim, purpose, or goal ("final"), and usually contains the auxiliaries may, might, or should: so, so that.
   He fought that others might have peace.
   Ellen's mamma was going out to pay a visit, but she left the children a large piece of rich plumcake to divide between them, that they might play at making feasts. 1833, Parley's Magazine, volume 1, page 23
   That he might ascertain whether any of the cloths of ancient Egypt were made of hemp, M. Dutrochet has examined with the microscope the weavable filaments of this last vegetable. 1837, The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, volume 23, page 222
   […]A creature might forget to weep, who bore / Thy comfort long, and lose thy love thereby! / But love me for love's sake, that evermore / Thou mayst love on, through love's eternity. c. 1845-46, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Sonnets from the Portuguese”, in If Thou Must Love Me
   In the olden days people had a stronger belief in all kinds of witchery; now they pretend not to believe in it, that they may be looked upon as sensible and educated people, as you say. 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 156
   Jesus died that we might live "through" Him. 2009, Dallas R. Burdette, Biblical Preaching and Teaching, page 340
4. Introducing — especially, but not exclusively, with an antecedent like so or such — a subordinate clause expressing a result, consequence, or effect.
   The noise was so loud that she woke up.
   The problem was sufficiently important that it had to be addressed.
   My dad apparently always said that no child of his would ever be harassed for its poor eating habits, and then I arrived, and I was so disgusting that he revised his opinion. 23 May 2008, Zoe Williams, The Guardian
5. (archaic or poetic) Introducing a premise or supposition for consideration: seeing as; inasmuch as; given that; as would appear from the fact that.
   “She must be wonderfully fascinating,” said Mrs Morel, with scathing satire. “She must be very wonderful, that you should trail eight miles, backward and forward, after eight o’clock at night.” c. 1911, D.H. Lawrence, third draft of what became Sons and Lovers, in Helen Baron (editor), Paul Morel, Cambridge University Press (2003), page 234
6. Introducing a subordinate clause modifying an adverb.
   Was John there? — Not that I saw.
   How often did she visit him? — Twice that I saw.
7. (archaic or poetic) Introducing an exclamation expressing a desire or wish.
   Oh that spring would come!
   Would that my rage and wrath would somehow stir me, / Here as I am, to cut off thy raw flesh / And eat it. 1864, T. S. Norgate's translation of the Iliad, book 10, page 613
   Oh, that they would be wise, and would understand, […] 1892, Paolo Segneri, The Manna of the Soul: Meditations for Each Day of the Year
8. Introducing an exclamation expressing a strong emotion such as sadness or surprise.

det

1. The (thing, person, idea, etc) indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote physically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.
   That book is a good read. This one isn't.
   That battle was in 1450.
   That cat of yours is evil.
   She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest
   ‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’ 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess
   The gym is across from the lounge. It’s next to the mailroom. Go that way. — Thanks, Pete! — No, Anna! Not that way! Go that way! Audio (US) (file) 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

pron

1. (demonstrative) The thing, person, idea, quality, event, action, or time indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote geographically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.
   [He] was qualified and fitted, both intellectually and morally, — and that to an exceptional extent — to be the Head […] 1888 July, The Original Secession Magazine, page 766
   However[…], the British were unable to do much about it short of going to war with St Petersburg, and that the government was unwilling to do. 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 310
   I've never seen someone beaten unconscious before. That’s lesbians for you. 2005, Joey Comeau, Lockpick Pornography (Loose Teeth Press)
   That's my car over there.
   He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
2. The known (thing); used to refer to something just said.
   They're getting divorced. What do you think about that?
3. (demonstrative) The aforementioned quality or proposition; used to emphatically affirm or deny a previous statement or question.
   The water is so cold! — That it is.
   Would you like another piece of cake? — That I would!
   We think that you stole the tarts. — That I did not!
   "She is very honourable," said Mrs. Thompson, solemnly. "Yes, one sees she is that, and so simple-minded." 1910, Helen Granville-Barker, An Apprentice to Truth, page 214
4. (relative) (plural that) Which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition.
   The CPR course that she took really came in handy.
   The house that he lived in was old and dilapidated.
   His ability to run at defences is instantly striking, but it is his clever use of possession that has persuaded some shrewd judges that he is an even better prospect than Theo Walcott. November 10, 2011, Jeremy Wilson, “England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph
   Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field. 2013-07-20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845
5. (colloquial) Used in place of relative adverbs such as where or when; often omitted.
   the place that [= where or to which] I went last year
   the last time that [= when] I went to Europe
6. (Northern England, Manchester, Liverpool) Clipping of that is; used to reinforce the preceding assertion or statement.
   That's proper funny, that.

adv

1. (degree) To a given extent or degree.
   "The ribbon was that thin." "I disagree, I say it was not that thin, it was thicker... or maybe thinner..."
2. (degree) To a great extent or degree; very, particularly (in negative constructions).
   I'm just not that sick.
   I did the run last year, and it wasn't that difficult.
3. (informal, Britain, Australia) To such an extent; so. (in positive constructions).
   Ooh, I was that happy I nearly kissed her.
   This was carried with that little noise that for a good space the vigilant Bishop was not awak'd with it. 1693, John Hacket, “Scrinia reserata: a Memorial offered to the great Deservings of John Williams”, in Archbishop Williams

noun

1. (philosophy) Something being indicated that is there; one of those.
   As such, they do not have the ontological weight of "Being" and "Not-being," but serve simply as an explanatory vocabulary necessary to describe our world of thises and thats. 1998, David L. Hall, Roger T. Ames, Thinking from the Han, page 247