wash

Etymology

From Middle English wasshen, waschen, weschen, from Old English wasċan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną, *watskaną (“to wash, get wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“wet; water”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian waaske (“to wash”), West Frisian waskje (“to wash”), Dutch wassen, wasschen (“to wash”), Low German waschen (“to wash”), German waschen (“to wash”), Danish vaske (“to wash”), Norwegian Bokmål vaske (“to wash”), Swedish vaska (“to wash”), Icelandic vaska (“to wash”).

verb

1. To clean with water.
   The car is so dirty, we need to wash it.
   Dishwashers wash dishes much more efficiently than most humans.
   Wash the vegetables, drain off the surplus water, and pack them in a keg, crock, or other utensil until it is nearly full 1917, Lester Angell Round, Harold Locke Lang, Preservation of vegetables by fermentation and salting, page 9
   If using celery or okra, wash the vegetables in safe water. 1971, Homemaking Handbook: For Village Workers in Many Countries, page 101
   Wash the vegetables thoroughly; even a little dirt can contain bacteria. Wash vegetables individually under running water. 2010, Catherine Abbott, The Everything Grow Your Own Vegetables Book: Your Complete Guide to planting, tending, and harvesting vegetables, Everything Books, page 215
2. (transitive) To move or erode by the force of water in motion.
   Heavy rains wash a road or an embankment.
   The flood washed away houses.
3. (mining) To separate valuable material (such as gold) from worthless material by the action of flowing water.
4. (intransitive) To clean oneself with water.
   I wash every morning after getting up.
5. (transitive) To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten.
   Waves wash the shore.
6. (intransitive) To move with a lapping or swashing sound; to lap or splash.
   to hear the water washing
7. (intransitive) To be eroded or carried away by the action of water.
8. (intransitive, figurative) To be cogent, convincing; to withstand critique.
   2012, The Economist, Oct 13th 2012 issue, The Jordan and its king: As beleaguered as ever The king is running out of ideas as well as cash. His favourite shock-absorbing tactic—to blame his governments and sack his prime ministers—hardly washes.
   Claims of a lack of parliamentary time don't wash. May 31 2023, Nigel Harris, “Comment: GBR now! We have no Plan B”, in RAIL, number 984, page 3
9. (intransitive) To bear without injury the operation of being washed.
   Some calicoes do not wash.
10. (intransitive) To be wasted or worn away by the action of water, as by a running or overflowing stream, or by the dashing of the sea; said of road, a beach, etc.
11. To cover with a thin or watery coat of colour; to tint lightly and thinly.
12. To overlay with a thin coat of metal.
    steel washed with silver
13. (transitive) To cause dephosphorization of (molten pig iron) by adding substances containing iron oxide, and sometimes manganese oxide.
14. (transitive) To pass (a gas or gaseous mixture) through or over a liquid for the purpose of purifying it, especially by removing soluble constituents.

noun

1. The process or an instance of washing or being washed by water or other liquid.
   I'm going to have a quick wash before coming to bed.
   My jacket needs a wash.
2. A liquid used for washing.
3. A lotion or other liquid with medicinal or hygienic properties.
   mouth wash
   hand wash
4. The quantity of clothes washed at a time.
   There's a lot in that wash: maybe you should split it into two piles.
5. (art) A smooth and translucent painting created using a paintbrush holding a large amount of solvent and a small amount of paint.
6. The breaking of waves on the shore; the onwards rush of shallow water towards a beach.
   I could hear the wash of the wave.
   […] the wind in the cordage and the wash of the sea helped the more to put them beyond earshot […] 1924, Herman Melville, chapter 16, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.
7. The bow wave, wake, or vortex of an object moving in a fluid, in particular:
   1. The bow wave or wake of a moving ship, or the vortex from its screws.
      The ship left a big wash
      Sail away from the wash to avoid rocking the boat.
      To date, much of the research undertaken on high-speed vessel wake wash has appeared only as unpublished reports for various authorities and management agencies. 2003, Guidelines for Managing Wake Wash from High-speed Vessels: Report of Working Group 41 of the Maritime Navigation Commission, PIANC, page 5
   2. The turbulence left in the air by a moving airplane.
   3. The backward current or disturbed water caused by the action of oars, or of a steamer's screw or paddles, etc.
8. (nautical) The blade of an oar.
9. Ground washed away to the sea or a river.
10. A piece of ground washed by the action of water, or sometimes covered and sometimes left dry; the shallowest part of a river, or arm of the sea; also, a bog; a marsh.
11. A shallow body of water.
12. In arid and semi-arid regions, the normally dry bed of an intermittent or ephemeral stream; an arroyo or wadi.
    1997, Stanley Desmond Smith, et al. Physiological Ecology of North American Desert Plants, Nature In some desert-wash systems (which have been termed “xero-riparian”)
    ...though the wash may carry surface water for only a few hours a year. 1999, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert
    Rock Spring Wash continues a short distance then joins Watson Wash. Water from Rock Spring comes out of the boulder strewn wash and disappears into the sand 2005, Le Hayes, Pilgrims in the Desert: The Early History of the East Mojave Desert
13. A situation in which losses and gains or advantages and disadvantages are equivalent; a situation in which there is no net change.
    I knew that for every vote I cast for, say, the Republicans, some kid at a polling place nearby was casting his votes for the Democrats, so it was probably a wash or close to it. 2003, David Brenner, I Think There's a Terrorist in My Soup, page 100
14. (finance, slang) A fictitious kind of sale of stock or other securities between parties of one interest, or by a broker who is both buyer and seller, and who minds his own interest rather than that of his clients.
15. Waste liquid, the refuse of food, the collection from washed dishes, etc., from a kitchen, often used as food for pigs; pigwash.
16. In distilling, the fermented wort before the spirit is extracted.
17. A mixture of dunder, molasses, water, and scummings, used in the West Indies for distillation.
    In order to augment the vinosity of the wash, many substances are recommended by Dr. Shaw, such as tartar, nitre, common salt, and the vegetable or mineral acids. 1793, Bryan Edwards, History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies
18. A thin coat of paint or metal laid on anything for beauty or preservation.
19. Ten strikes, or bushels, of oysters.
20. (architecture) The upper surface of a member or material when given a slope to shed water; hence, a structure or receptacle shaped so as to receive and carry off water.
    a carriage wash in a stable
21. (television) A lighting effect that fills a scene with a chosen colour.
22. (stagecraft) A lighting fixture that can cast a wide beam of light to evenly fill an area with light, as opposed to a spotlight.